Psalm 128 mirrors Psalm 127 in that they are both songs of ascent to Jerusalem during one of the Jewish feasts, and they both speak of the blessings of a man’s labor and his family. Even though we are not Israelites living under the Mosaic covenant; given the subjects of work and family, we should all be able to see ourselves in the teaching of these two psalms. Psalm 127 stated that a man labors in vain, even if he burns the candle at both ends, if he does it his own way independent of the LORD. But Psalm 128 begins:
How blessed is everyone who fears the LORD, who walks in His ways.
When you shall eat of the fruit of your hands, you will be happy and it will be well with you (Psalm 128:1-2).
Notice that fearing the LORD is defined as walking in His ways. This man will also enjoy family blessing: his wife will be like a fruitful vine; likewise his children like olive plants around his table (v. 3). In Psalm 127, his children were likened to arrows to bless and defend the family as they are directed at God-worthy targets. Here they are part of God’s blessing of fruitfulness and joy in seeing them grow to maturity; again the result of fearing the LORD (v. 4).
Finally, verses 5 and 6 are a prayer of blessing for the prosperity and families of all fellow Israelites, and conclude with a beautiful benediction:
Indeed, may you see your children’s children. Peace be upon Israel (v. 6).